Urinary alpha1-microglobulin, beta2-microglobulin, and retinol-binding protein levels in general populations in Japan with references to cadmium in urine, blood, and 24-hour food duplicates

Environmental Research
M IkedaS Shimbo

Abstract

Possible cadmium (Cd) exposure-associated changes in urinary levels of low-molecular-weight proteins were studied in nonsmoking and non-drinking female members of the general Japanese population (378 subjects with no known occupational heavy metal exposure) who lived at 19 study sites (all without any known environmental heavy metal pollution) in 13 prefectures throughout Japan. The external Cd dose was evaluated in terms of daily Cd intake via food (Cd-F), whereas Cd levels in blood (Cd-B) and urine (Cd-U) were taken as internal dose indicators. When the subjects were classified according to Cd-F into three groups with "low" (20.4 micrograms/day as a geometric mean of 97 women), "middle" (35.0 micrograms/day, 120 women) and "high" (67.0 micrograms/day, 66 women) exposure, both Cd-B and Cd-U increased in parallel with the changes in Cd-F. However, there were no dose-dependent changes in beta2-microglobulin or retinol-binding protein levels in urine, alpha1-microglobulin levels appeared to increase, but the distribution of the cases above the two cutoff levels of 9.6 and 15.8 micrograms/mg creatinine among the three Cd-F groups did not show any bias. Overall, it was concluded that there was no apparent Cd exposure-associated ele...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 24, 2002·Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Jeong-Hwa ChoiSoon-Jae Rhee
Oct 31, 2003·Journal of Medicinal Food·Jeong-Hwa Choi, Soon-Jae Rhee
Feb 19, 2005·The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine·Masayuki IkedaHaruhiko Sakurai
Apr 3, 2003·The Science of the Total Environment·Teruomi TsukaharaMasayuki Ikeda
Jun 9, 2005·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·J MoriguchiM Ikeda
Jan 13, 1999·The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery : Official Publication of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery = Nihon Kyōbu Geka Gakkai Zasshi·T NarisawaT Takaba
Sep 19, 2000·Environmental Research·Y SuwazonoH Nakagawa

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