Urinary calcium excretion, sodium intake and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic population: results of the Wandsworth Heart and Stroke Study

Journal of Human Hypertension
A M BlackwoodF P Cappuccio

Abstract

Hypertension is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion (UCa). A high sodium intake increases both UCa and blood pressure (BP). However, it is not clear whether these effects are modified by gender or ethnic origin. To examine the relationships between BP, urinary sodium (UNa), gender and ethnic origin with both daily and fasting UCa in a population-based study. Out of 1577 individuals taking part in a cross-sectional survey, 743 were considered for the present analysis (407 women, 336 men) as they were all untreated, had provided a complete 24-h urine collection, and had all measurements of anthropometry, BP, UNa and UCa. They were 277 whites, 227 of black African origin and 239 South Asians. Comparisons were also carried out in the 690 participants who also provided 3-h fasting urine collections. After adjustment for confounders including age, and gender, 24-h UCa was significantly and independently associated with ethnic origin, BP and UNa. Mean 24-h UCa was 4.62 (s.e. 0.11) mmol/d in whites, 3.33 (0.12) in South Asians and 3.16 (0.13) in blacks (P < 0.001). a 100 mmol higher UNa predicted a 1.04 mmol higher daily UCa (P < 0.001), and a 20 mm Hg higher systolic BP predicted a 0.28 mmol higher UCa. The slopes were...Continue Reading

Citations

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