Urinary nitrite/nitrate ratio measured by isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS as a tool to screen for urinary tract infections

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Mu-Rong ChaoChiung-Wen Hu

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of nosocomial infection. Traditionally, the presence of white blood cells and microorganisms in the urine provides objective evidence for UTI diagnosis. Here, we describe the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure the nitrite and nitrate levels in urine and investigate the potential of this method for UTI diagnosis. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed in positive electrospray ionization mode. After adding (15)N-labeled internal standards and derivatizing with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), the urinary nitrite content was directly analyzed by LC-MS/MS, whereas the urinary nitrate was first reduced to nitrite before derivatization and LC-MS/MS analysis. The derivatization of nitrite and enzymatic reduction of nitrate were optimized. This method was then applied to 241 healthy subjects and 73 UTI patients. Optimization tests revealed that 1 mL of crude urine required at least 6.25 μmol of DAN to completely derivatize nitrite and 2.5 U of nitrate reductase to completely reduce nitrate to nitrite. Urinary analysis showed that the urinary concentration of nitrite and the nitrite/nitrate ratio were higher in UTI patients than in healthy subjects. ...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1993·Analytical Biochemistry·T P MiskoM G Currie
Nov 15, 2000·Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications·H LiG Wu
Apr 20, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Michael L Wilson, Loretta Gaido
Oct 9, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·James R Johnson
Aug 15, 2006·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Wenjuan S JobgenGuoyao Wu
Sep 5, 2006·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Dimitrios Tsikas
Apr 5, 2007·Nature Protocols·Andreas K NusslerNatascha C Nüssler
Aug 1, 2007·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Nathan S Bryan, Matthew B Grisham
Aug 1, 1986·Talanta·P Damiani, G Burini
Jun 9, 2009·Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods·Yang-Il FangKazuo Honda
Feb 23, 2010·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Thomas M HootonUNKNOWN Infectious Diseases Society of America
Sep 6, 2011·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Soyoung Shin, Ho-Leung Fung
Feb 7, 2012·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Nicoletta CastiglioneFrancesca Cutruzzolà
Dec 19, 2012·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Xingbin YangKevin D Croft
Jul 3, 2013·Clinical Biochemistry·Damla KayalpDogan Yucel
Aug 30, 2014·Acta Paediatrica·Roberto VelascoUNKNOWN Group for the Study of Febrile Infant of the RiSEUP-SPERG Network
Sep 23, 2014·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Erik HanffDimitrios Tsikas
Mar 4, 2015·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Daniel J PallinJeremiah D Schuur
Apr 9, 2015·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Ana L Flores-MirelesScott J Hultgren
May 16, 2015·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Catherine P BondonnoJonathan M Hodgson
Jul 21, 2015·Nutrition Research·Nathan S Bryan, John L Ivy
Sep 6, 2015·European Journal of Pharmacology·Kavita GulatiArunabha Ray

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 13, 2019·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Chao FengFangpu Han
Jun 8, 2021·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Lulu YaoJun Wang
Aug 25, 2017·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Hideshi IharaTakaaki Akaike

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.