Urogenital atrophy: prevention and treatment

Pharmacotherapy
L A Willhite, M B O'Connell

Abstract

Fifteen percent of premenopausal women, 10-40% of postmenopausal women, and 10-25% of women receiving systemic hormone therapy experience urogenital atrophy. The most common symptoms are dryness, burning, pruritus, irritation, and dyspareunia. Estrogen loss, drugs, and chemical sensitivities are causes. Estrogen or hormone replacement therapy (ERT-HRT) is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal women. Dosages prescribed for menopause symptoms or to prevent osteoporosis (and, potentially, other conditions) can restore the vagina to premenopausal physiology and relieve symptoms. Concomitant progestins are necessary for women with an intact uterus to minimize or eliminate estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. Low-dosage oral and vaginal ERT can relieve urogenital atrophy but might not produce systemic effects. Progestins are not necessary with vaginal rings and vaginal tablets. If ERT is given only to treat urogenital atrophy, estrogen creams 1 or 2 times/week may prevent recurrence after symptoms are resolved. Progestins are not required for occasional estrogen cream use. Vaginal moisturizers provide longer relief by changing the fluid content of endothelium and lowering vaginal pH. Vaginal lubricants provide short-term relief. ...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1979·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·J DickersonH W Hermann
Oct 1, 1979·Southern Medical Journal·W E GordonD C Hunter
Sep 1, 1975·Fertility and Sterility·R L Goldenberg, R White
Dec 15, 1992·Annals of Internal Medicine·D GradyS R Cummings
Apr 21, 1992·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·P S Eriksen, H Rasmussen
Oct 1, 1991·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·P M Wisniewski, E J Wilkinson
Jun 19, 1986·The New England Journal of Medicine·R J ChetkowskiH L Judd
Jan 1, 1987·Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement·A BrandbergG Samsioe
Jun 1, 1986·The British Journal of Medical Psychology·L D Channon, S E Ballinger
Jan 1, 1980·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·M FuruhjelmK Carlström
Sep 1, 1980·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·F L GeolaH L Judd
Oct 2, 1982·The Medical Journal of Australia·B G WrenD A Routledge
Jul 1, 1983·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·F P MandelH L Judd
Jan 1, 1983·Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica·L A Mattsson, G Cullberg
Jan 1, 1994·Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation·G SchmidtP O Gunnarsson
Sep 1, 1993·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·M C van der LindenW H Doesburg
Jan 1, 1994·Fertility and Sterility·L E Nachtigall
Jul 1, 1993·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·G Elia, A Bergman
Sep 1, 1995·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·M B O'Connell
Jan 1, 1997·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·R BarentsenJ H Schram
Mar 1, 1997·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·C L LoprinziN Ellison
Oct 6, 1997·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·S L Hillier, R J Lau
Oct 23, 1997·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·L Pandit, J G Ouslander
Mar 21, 1998·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·M B HodginsA B MacLean

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 23, 2003·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·V SimunićM Sprem
Sep 16, 2003·Cancer Treatment Reviews·Marzena Welnicka-Jaskiewicz, Jacek Jassem
Mar 26, 2003·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·W WuttkeD Seidlová-Wuttke
Feb 14, 2002·Australian Family Physician
Jul 26, 2002·Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health·Anne E Arkin, Betty Chern-Hughes
Oct 24, 2002·The American Journal of Nursing·Cynthia Maloney
Jul 9, 2004·The Nurse Practitioner·Mary M Cothran, Sandra Engberg
Dec 22, 2010·Western Journal of Nursing Research·Joanne LesterNancy Ryan-Wenger
Jul 10, 2009·Women's Health·JoAnn V PinkertonRebecca S Kightlinger
Oct 2, 2004·Obstetrics and Gynecology·UNKNOWN American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Women's Health Care Physicians
Oct 1, 2009·Journal of Women's Health·Catherine Lynch
Feb 17, 2010·Journal of Women's Health·Irwin Goldstein
Apr 18, 2007·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·UNKNOWN North American Menopause Society
Oct 31, 2008·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Richard E HedrickLawrence J Lambrecht
Apr 23, 2008·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Rachel HessRoberta B Ness
May 1, 2009·Journal of Pelvic Medicine & Surgery·Megan KrauseHolly E Richter
May 22, 2010·Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·Jamie KroftWendy Wolfman
Dec 29, 2015·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·D Edwards, N Panay
Mar 31, 2015·Journal of Personalized Medicine·Joanne LesterMaryam Lustberg
Jan 9, 2014·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Pamela Cmd ZanniMárcia El Consolaro
Jan 27, 2005·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·N RaymundoN Calimon
Apr 8, 2015·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·P StuteI M Schmidts-Winkler
Jan 21, 2006·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Irwin Goldstein, Jeanne Leventhal Alexander
Jun 13, 2015·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·Maurizio SeratiFabio Ghezzi
Nov 26, 2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Michael L Krychman
Jan 23, 2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Jacques J D M van LankveldChahin Achtrari
Mar 6, 2016·Drug Discovery Today·Alexandra Partenhauser, Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
Nov 26, 2009·Clinical Breast Cancer·Karen W Kwan, Rowan T Chlebowski
Dec 6, 2008·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology·Deborah Bruce, Janice Rymer
Feb 5, 2008·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Louise BergerFernand Labrie
Nov 13, 2007·The Nursing Clinics of North America·Cindy Grandjean, Barbara Moran
Feb 20, 2007·Lancet·Shalender BhasinRosemary Basson
Sep 28, 2010·Dermatologic Therapy·Catherine S Stika
Mar 15, 2006·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Jin-Wook Yoo, Chi H Lee
Sep 6, 2005·Maturitas·Camil Castelo-BrancoMaria Dolores Juliá
Feb 8, 2011·Brain Research·Hai-Hong JiangMargot S Damaser
Nov 6, 2009·Oncology Nursing Forum·Joanne L Lester, Linda A Bernhard
Jul 31, 2016·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Jason GandhiSardar Ali Khan
Mar 11, 2004·Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health·Barbara Hackley, Mary Ellen Rousseau

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.