Use of a Gammarus pulex bioassay to measure the effects of transient carbofuran runoff from farmland

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
P MatthiessenR Williams

Abstract

There is now much information on the presence of pesticides in surface waters, but very little about their actual effects on aquatic life. This paper reports on the transient concentrations of a carbamate insecticide carbofuran, which were observed in a head-water stream draining treated farmland, and describes the resulting effects on a bioassay organism. One month after an application of 3 kg carbofuran/ha as broadcast granules to an oilseed rape crop, carbofuran concentrations of up to 26 micrograms/liter were measured in a nearby headwater stream after heavy rainfall. The majority of the carbofuran was translocated via field drains (where concentrations up to 264 micrograms/liter were detected), although the possibility of some surface runoff cannot be ruled out. Peak carbofuran concentrations only persisted for about 24 hr after the rainfall event, although measurable levels could be detected for at least 4 days. An in situ bioassay of streamwater which monitored the feeding rate of the gammarid amphipod crustacean Gammarus pulex showed that feeding stopped completely during the rainfall event, and was rapidly followed by death of all the caged organisms. Subsequent laboratory studies of toxicity showed that the peak conce...Continue Reading

Citations

May 1, 2008·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Dragica V BrkićNeško K Nešković
Mar 9, 2017·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Gordana GlavanDamjana Drobne
Aug 1, 1996·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·P SaglioD Azam
Oct 10, 2002·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Ralf SchulzJames M Dabrowski
Apr 21, 2005·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Matthias Liess, Peter Carsten Von Der Ohe
Sep 1, 1994·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·A D GuardoD Calamari
Oct 1, 1999·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Ralf Schulz, Mathias Liess
Oct 16, 2007·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·Bibiana Kaiser DutraGuendalina Turcato Oliveira
Apr 10, 2009·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP·B K DutraG T Oliveira

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