Abstract
The selection of the most effective antimicrobial to treat acute otitis media (AOM) has become more difficult in recent years because of increasing antibiotic resistance among all AOM pathogens. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin as well as amoxicillin ranges from 30 to 55% in the USA. Currently, 40-55% of Haemophilus influenzae and 90-100% of Moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to penicillin because of the production of Beta-lactamases. This review discusses the availability of oral cephalosporins that can be utilised for the treatment of AOM in children. An evaluation is made regarding their in vitro activity against the pathogens, their middle-ear concentrations, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). The cephalosporins that will be discussed are cefuroxime-axetil, cefprozil, cefdinir and cefpodoxime-proxetil. The current recommendations for therapy of AOM limit the choices of clinicians to a single cephalosporin (cefuroxime-axetil). However, clinical, bacteriological and PK/PD data shows that several other cephalosporins (cefprozil, cefdinir and cefpodoxime-proxetil) possess similar indices which provide the clinician with wider therapeutic choices that can insure better compliance and ultimately b...Continue Reading
References
Jan 1, 1987·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·G F Van HareC H Kim
Jul 1, 1980·The Journal of Pediatrics·M A SanyalF W Denny
Jun 8, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·S Berman
Mar 1, 1994·The Journal of Pediatrics·R M RosenfeldD M Canafax
Sep 1, 1995·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·I Brook, P Yocum
Nov 1, 1996·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·R DaganD M Fliss
Feb 1, 1997·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·I Brook, A E Gober
Feb 10, 1998·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·W A Craig
Aug 1, 1998·Pediatrics·A PitkärantaF G Hayden
Nov 3, 1998·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·G V DoernR N Jones
Jan 28, 1999·The New England Journal of Medicine·T HeikkinenT Chonmaitree
Feb 10, 1999·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·S F DowellB Schwartz
Feb 29, 2000·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·R DaganM R Jacobs
Apr 5, 2000·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·D P McCormickT Chonmaitree
Jan 6, 2001·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·D R Guay
Feb 15, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·J EskolaUNKNOWN Finnish Otitis Media Study Group
Jan 16, 2002·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Arnon BroidesTikva Yermiahu
May 3, 2002·Pediatrics·Birgit WintherJ Owen Hendley
Jun 19, 2002·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Franz E BablZhong Li
Dec 21, 2002·European Journal of Pediatrics·Steven Black, Henry Shinefield
Apr 23, 2003·Vaccine·Katherine L O'Brien, Ron Dagan
Citations
Oct 11, 2011·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Vincent CouloignerRobert Cohen
Apr 5, 2007·Paediatric Drugs·David P NicolauMicheal E Pichichero
Apr 26, 2006·Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs·Avner AliphasKenneth M Grundfast
Dec 4, 2008·Advances in Pediatrics·Itzhak Brook
Aug 21, 2007·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Kari Jorunn KvaernerGunnhild Karevold
Jun 5, 2007·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Kari J Kvaerner, Anja B Helgaker
Feb 18, 2014·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·P ShobharaniN M Sachindra
Dec 21, 2005·Cancer·Carol A RosenbergAnne McTiernan
Sep 29, 2005·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·Yaron RazonItzhak Levy
Jun 13, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Xiaoying Chen, Jianlong Wang