Use of Raman microscopy and band-target entropy minimization analysis to identify dyes in a commercial stamp. Implications for authentication and counterfeit detection

Analytical Chemistry
Effendi Widjaja, Marc Garland

Abstract

Raman microscopy was used in mapping mode to collect more than 1000 spectra in a 100 microm x 100 microm area from a commercial stamp. Band-target entropy minimization (BTEM) was then employed to unmix the mixture spectra in order to extract the pure component spectra of the samples. Three pure component spectral patterns with good signal-to-noise ratios were recovered, and their spatial distributions were determined. The three pure component spectral patterns were then identified as copper phthalocyanine blue, calcite-like material, and yellow organic dye material by comparison to known spectral libraries. The present investigation, consisting of (1) advanced curve resolution (blind-source separation) followed by (2) spectral data base matching, readily suggests extensions to authenticity and counterfeit studies of other types of commercial objects. The presence or absence of specific observable components form the basis for assessment. The present spectral analysis (BTEM) is applicable to highly overlapping spectral information. Since a priori information such as the number of components present and spectral libraries are not needed in BTEM, and since minor signals arising from trace components can be reconstructed, this anal...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 11, 2011·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Pradeep N PereraPaul D Adams
May 15, 2013·Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine·Terry W J SteeleSubbu S Venkatraman
May 25, 2011·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Terry W J SteeleSubbu S Venkatraman
Aug 16, 2011·Analytica Chimica Acta·Pradeep N PereraPaul D Adams
Apr 11, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Pawan KumarBipin Kumar Gupta
Dec 19, 2009·Analytical Chemistry·Effendi WidjajaSay Chye Joachim Loo

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