Using a Virtual Environment to Examine How Children Cross Streets: Advancing Our Understanding of How Injury Risk Arises

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
Barbara A MorrongielloJonathan Beer

Abstract

To examine how risk of injury can arise for child pedestrians. Using a highly immersive virtual reality system interfaced with a 3-D movement measurement system, younger (M = 8 years) and older (M = 10 years) children's crossing behaviors were measured under conditions that introduced variation in vehicle speed, distance, and intervehicle gaps. Children used distance cues in deciding when to cross; there were no age or sex differences. This increased risk of injury in larger intervehicle gaps because they started late and did not monitor traffic or adjust walking speed as they crossed. In contrast, injury risk in smaller intervehicle gaps of equal risk (i.e., same time to contact) occurred because crossing behavioral adjustments (starting early, increasing walking speed while crossing) were not sufficient. Dependence on distance cues increases children's risk of injury as pedestrians when crossing in a variety of traffic situations.

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Citations

Mar 16, 2018·IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics·Haley AdamsBobby Bodenheimer
Sep 2, 2019·Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·Huarong WangDavid C Schwebel
Sep 3, 2016·Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·David C SchwebelLeslie A McClure
Mar 14, 2019·Scientific Reports·Victoria I NichollsSebastien Miellet
Jan 8, 2019·Journal of Pediatric Psychology·Barbara A MorrongielloAvianna Foster
Dec 15, 2020·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Barbara A Morrongiello, Michael Corbett
Mar 17, 2019·Journal of Safety Research·Barbara A MorrongielloStephanie Koutsoulianos

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