Using Machine Learning and Structural Neuroimaging to Detect First Episode Psychosis: Reconsidering the Evidence.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
Sandra VieiraAndrea Mechelli

Abstract

Despite the high level of interest in the use of machine learning (ML) and neuroimaging to detect psychosis at the individual level, the reliability of the findings is unclear due to potential methodological issues that may have inflated the existing literature. This study aimed to elucidate the extent to which the application of ML to neuroanatomical data allows detection of first episode psychosis (FEP), while putting in place methodological precautions to avoid overoptimistic results. We tested both traditional ML and an emerging approach known as deep learning (DL) using 3 feature sets of interest: (1) surface-based regional volumes and cortical thickness, (2) voxel-based gray matter volume (GMV) and (3) voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT). To assess the reliability of the findings, we repeated all analyses in 5 independent datasets, totaling 956 participants (514 FEP and 444 within-site matched controls). The performance was assessed via nested cross-validation (CV) and cross-site CV. Accuracies ranged from 50% to 70% for surfaced-based features; from 50% to 63% for GMV; and from 51% to 68% for VBCT. The best accuracies (70%) were achieved when DL was applied to surface-based features; however, these models generalized p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2020·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Felix L NägeleChristoph Mulert
Feb 16, 2020·NPJ Schizophrenia·Andrea Mechelli, Sandra Vieira
Apr 18, 2020·Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience·ZhiHong ChenChang Liu
Jun 17, 2020·Psychological Medicine·Georg StarkeBernice Simone Elger
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Jihoon OhKyongsik Yun
Oct 24, 2020·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Ortal SlobodinItai Berger
Dec 29, 2020·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Cristina ScarpazzaGiuseppe Sartori
Jan 30, 2021·Experimental Neurology·Fabian EitelKerstin Ritter
Mar 9, 2021·Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·Zhuangzhuang LiYiqiu Jiang
Jun 10, 2021·Schizophrenia Research·Jose A Cortes-BrionesPablo A Estevez
Jun 16, 2021·NPJ Schizophrenia·Johannes LieslehtoNikolaos Koutsouleris

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCA

Software Mentioned

PSYSCAN
FreeSurfer

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