Using Molecular Characterization to Support Investigations of Aquatic Facility-Associated Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis - Alabama, Arizona, and Ohio, 2016

MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Michele C HlavsaL Xiao

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is a nationally notifiable gastrointestinal illness caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium, which can cause profuse, watery diarrhea that can last up to 2-3 weeks in immunocompetent patients and can lead to life-threatening wasting and malabsorption in immunocompromised patients. Fecal-oral transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts, the parasite's infectious life stage, occurs via ingestion of contaminated recreational water, drinking water, or food, or following contact with infected persons or animals, particularly preweaned bovine calves (1). The typical incubation period is 2-10 days. Since 2004, the annual incidence of nationally notified cryptosporidiosis has risen approximately threefold in the United States (1). Cryptosporidium also has emerged as the leading etiology of nationally notified recreational water-associated outbreaks, particularly those associated with aquatic facilities (i.e., physical places that contain one or more aquatic venues [e.g., pools] and support infrastructure) (2). As of February 24, 2017, a total of 13 (54%) of 24 states reporting provisional data detected at least 32 aquatic facility-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in 2016. In comparison, 20 such out...Continue Reading

References

Mar 8, 2008·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Rachel M ChalmersPaul Hunter
Mar 12, 2010·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Trisha J RobinsonKirk E Smith
May 18, 2012·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·UNKNOWN Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Jun 5, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Jennifer L MurphyVincent R Hill

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Citations

Nov 10, 2017·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Katharine M BenedictVincent R Hill
Jun 28, 2019·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Radhika GharpureMichele C Hlavsa
Aug 28, 2019·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·Radhika GharpureMichele C Hlavsa
Mar 28, 2020·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Brianna K LoeckAnna V Carlson
Apr 13, 2019·Parasitology Research·Łukasz PielokJerzy Stefaniak
Aug 10, 2020·Zoonoses and Public Health·Carolina Ortiz PinedaRegina Maura Bueno Franco
Apr 11, 2020·Parasite : Journal De La Société Française De Parasitologie·Katelyn A HoughtonYvonne Qvarnstrom
Jan 24, 2021·Parasites & Vectors·Rebecca A GuyAndrea K Boggild
Apr 14, 2021·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Kamil BraimaUna Ryan
Jun 5, 2020·Parasitology Research·Juan C Garcia-RDavid T S Hayman

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping

Software Mentioned

CryptoNet

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