Using morpholinos to control gene expression.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Jon D Moulton

Abstract

Morpholino oligonucleotides are stable, uncharged, water-soluble molecules used to block complementary sequences of RNA, preventing processing, read-through, or protein binding at those sites. Morpholinos are typically used to block translation of mRNA and to block splicing of pre-mRNA, though they can block other interactions between biological macromolecules and RNA. Morpholinos are effective, specific, and lack non-antisense effects. They work in any cell that transcribes and translates RNA, but must be delivered into the nuclear/cytosolic compartment to be effective. Morpholinos form stable base pairs with complementary nucleic acid sequences but apparently do not bind to proteins to a significant extent. They are not recognized by any proteins and do not undergo protein-mediated catalysis; nor do they mediate RNA cleavage by RNase H or the RISC complex. This work focuses on techniques and background for using Morpholinos.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Fluorescence
NMR
circular dichroic spectroscopy
transfection
confocal microscopy
flow cytometry
fluorescence microscopy
ELISA
gene knockdown

Software Mentioned

BLAST
Endo
Porter
Morpholinos
Morpholino

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