Using rapid indicators for Enterococcus to assess the risk of illness after exposure to urban runoff contaminated marine water.

Water Research
John M ColfordStephen B Weisberg

Abstract

Traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurement is too slow (>18 h) for timely swimmer warnings. Assess relationship of rapid indicator methods (qPCR) to illness at a marine beach impacted by urban runoff. We measured baseline and two-week health in 9525 individuals visiting Doheny Beach 2007-08. Illness rates were compared (swimmers vs. non-swimmers). FIB measured by traditional (Enterococcus spp. by EPA Method 1600 or Enterolert™, fecal coliforms, total coliforms) and three rapid qPCR assays for Enterococcus spp. (Taqman, Scorpion-1, Scorpion-2) were compared to health. Primary bacterial source was a creek flowing untreated into ocean; the creek did not reach the ocean when a sand berm formed. This provided a natural experiment for examining FIB-health relationships under varying conditions. We observed significant increases in diarrhea (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.80 for swallowing water) and other outcomes in swimmers compared to non-swimmers. Exposure (body immersion, head immersion, swallowed water) was associated with increasing risk of gastrointestinal illness (GI). Daily GI incidence patterns were different: swimmers (2-day peak) and non-swimmers (no peak). With berm-open, we observed associations between GI and trad...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 4, 2012·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Muruleedhara N ByappanahalliValerie J Harwood
Feb 20, 2016·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Zhixuan FengElizabeth A Kelly
Feb 5, 2016·Journal of Microbiological Methods·Richard A HauglandChristopher Sinigalliano
Jul 22, 2015·Water Research·Kendra I Brown, Alexandria B Boehm
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Jun 7, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Jingjing Li, Xiaohan Zhang

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