Abstract
The cytodiagnosis of melanoma in effusions can be challenging. Although immunohistochemical (IHC) stains such as HMB45, Melan A, and S-100 are often utilized; the role of Sry-related HMG-box gene 10 (SOX10) in the diagnosis of melanoma in effusions has not been previously reported. A total of 14 confirmed melanoma cases diagnosed on effusion cytology (nine pleural and five peritoneal) were collected from 2000 to 2016. IHC stain for SOX10 was performed and compared with HMB45, Melan A, and S-100. To evaluate the specificity of SOX10, we stained 47 previously diagnosed nonmelanocytic malignant effusions. A cut-off of >1 positively staining cells was considered positive. The intensity of staining was graded as weak, moderate, and strong. All 14 melanoma cases were positive for SOX10 and HMB45 (100%), compared to 12 cases (86%) using Melan A and S-100. Among 47 previously diagnosed nonmelanocytic malignant effusions (4 malignant mesotheliomas, 12 müllerian tumors, 9 breast carcinomas, 9 lung adenocarcinomas, and 13 hematologic tumors), SOX10 and HMB45 showed a specificity of 98%, whereas Melan A and S100 had a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of SOX10 for melanoma in effusions is comparable with HMB45 with a 100% sensitivity. I...Continue Reading
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