Utilizing antibiotics to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection: does exposure to a risk factor decrease risk? A systematic review.

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Travis J Carlson, Anne J Gonzales-Luna

Abstract

Antibiotic use is a major risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, antibiotics recommended for CDI treatment are being utilized in clinical practice as prophylactic agents. To comprehensively summarize and critically evaluate the published literature investigating the effectiveness of antibiotic CDI prophylaxis. A systematic search for relevant literature was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two investigators independently screened each article for inclusion, and the references of the included articles were studied to identify additional relevant articles. Data extraction and an assessment of risk of bias was completed for all included studies. Unadjusted risk ratios and 95% CI were calculated for each study, with CDI being the outcome variable and prophylaxis (prophylaxis versus control) representing the exposure. In total, 13 articles were identified in PubMed and 9 ongoing or unpublished trials were identified in ClinicalTrials.gov. The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on CDI rates varied between studies; however, most favoured the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. The authors of this review conclude that the current literature carries a high risk of bias and the results should be interprete...Continue Reading

References

Oct 6, 1997·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·C EdlundC E Nord
Feb 7, 2008·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·John G Bartlett
Feb 4, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·Thomas J LouieUNKNOWN OPT-80-003 Clinical Study Group
Apr 5, 2011·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Mamoon A AldeyabMary P Kearney
Dec 8, 2011·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·Marjolein P M HensgensEd J Kuijper
Jul 7, 2012·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Thomas J LouieWalter Krulicki
Jul 7, 2012·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Erik R Dubberke, Margaret A Olsen
Nov 21, 2012·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·C P Kelly
Apr 29, 2014·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·Herbert L DuPont
Feb 26, 2015·The New England Journal of Medicine·Fernanda C LessaL Clifford McDonald
Apr 30, 2015·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Mamun-Ur RashidAndrej Weintraub
Jun 19, 2016·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Nicholas W Van HiseFarrin A Manian
Jul 1, 2016·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Stuart Johnson
Sep 14, 2016·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Alex CarignanJacques Pépin
Jan 26, 2017·The New England Journal of Medicine·Mark H WilcoxUNKNOWN MODIFY I and MODIFY II Investigators
Aug 29, 2017·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·Lindsey E SplinterRobert R Redfield
Feb 21, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·L Clifford McDonaldMark H Wilcox
Jun 13, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Kathleen M MullanePamela S Sears
Sep 27, 2018·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Alex GanetskyDavid L Porter
Nov 1, 2018·The New England Journal of Medicine·Shelley S MagillUNKNOWN Emerging Infections Program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team
Dec 7, 2018·Pharmacotherapy·David D LeedahlErin F Barreto
Feb 13, 2019·Journal of Pharmacy Practice·Emmanuel M KnightRupangi Rastogi
Apr 30, 2019·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Daniel A CaroffMichael Klompas
Jun 5, 2019·The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·Valida BajrovicKyle D Brizendine
Sep 29, 2019·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Kevin W Garey
Sep 29, 2019·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Steven W JohnsonDavid H Priest

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.