UVB-exposed chlorinated bisphenol A generates phosphorylated histone H2AX in human skin cells

Chemical Research in Toxicology
Yuko IbukiTatsushi Toyooka

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) and chlorinated bisphenol A (ClBPAs) were detected in wastewater from waste paper recycling plants. Previously, we showed that exposure to UV augmented the toxicity of ClBPAs [Mutou (2006) Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 21, 283- 289 and Mutou (2008) Toxicol. in Vitro 22, 864- 872]. BPA and ClBPAs are exposed to sunlight in the environment; however, research concerning the change of toxicity during their photodegradation is scarce, especially for ClBPAs. In this study using human keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts, we found that 3,3'-dichlorobisphenol A (3,3'-diClBPA) exposed to UVB induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX, the event considered to be a marker of formation of DNA double strand breaks. The cells treated with the UVB-exposed 3,3'-diClBPA formed clear foci of phosphorylated histone H2AX in the nucleus. Unchlorinated BPA caused no phosphorylation of histone H2AX even when exposed to high doses of UVB (approximately 200 J/cm(2)). HPLC analysis clarified that several compounds with increased hydrophilicity were produced from 3,3'-diClBPA by UVB irradiation, not from BPA, suggesting the chlorinated chemical structure to be important for the degradation and generation of products related to the phosphoryla...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 25, 2014·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Anna Kjerstine RosenmaiAnne Marie Vinggaard
Nov 5, 2011·Mutation Research·Tatsushi ToyookaYuko Ibuki
Nov 2, 2015·Environment International·Syam S AndraKonstantinos C Makris
May 20, 2014·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·Xiaoxu ZhaoYuko Ibuki
Dec 7, 2014·Journal of Radiation Research·Yuko Ibuki, Tatsushi Toyooka

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