V1 spinal neurons regulate the speed of vertebrate locomotor outputs

Nature
Simon GosgnachMartyn Goulding

Abstract

The neuronal networks that generate vertebrate movements such as walking and swimming are embedded in the spinal cord. These networks, which are referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs), are ideal systems for determining how ensembles of neurons generate simple behavioural outputs. In spite of efforts to address the organization of the locomotor CPG in walking animals, little is known about the identity and function of the spinal interneuron cell types that contribute to these locomotor networks. Here we use four complementary genetic approaches to directly address the function of mouse V1 neurons, a class of local circuit inhibitory interneurons that selectively express the transcription factor Engrailed1. Our results show that V1 neurons shape motor outputs during locomotion and are required for generating 'fast' motor bursting. These findings outline an important role for inhibition in regulating the frequency of the locomotor CPG rhythm, and also suggest that V1 neurons may have an evolutionarily conserved role in controlling the speed of vertebrate locomotor movements.

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Citations

Dec 6, 2006·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Eyal GruntmanIlan Golani
Aug 17, 2012·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·Mikhail G ShapiroHenry A Lester
Apr 21, 2011·Nature Communications·Guisheng ZhongRonald M Harris-Warrick
Jun 23, 2009·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Martyn Goulding
Feb 7, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jonathan E RubinChristopher A Del Negro
May 18, 2011·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Simon Gosgnach
Jul 7, 2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Patrick J Whelan
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Sep 9, 2011·Journal of Neurophysiology·Andreas HuschRonald M Harris-Warrick
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