V2-Specific Antibodies in HIV-1 Vaccine Research and Natural Infection: Controllers or Surrogate Markers

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
Ralf Duerr, Miroslaw K Gorny

Abstract

Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trials have lacked efficacy and empirical vaccine lead targets are scarce. Thus far, the only independent correlate of reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition in humans is elevated levels of V2-specific antibodies identified in the modestly protective RV144 vaccine trial. Ten years after RV144, human and non-human primate vaccine studies have reassessed the potential contribution of V2-specific antibodies to vaccine efficacy. In addition, studies of natural HIV-1 infection in humans have provided insight into the development of V1V2-directed antibody responses and their impact on clinical parameters and disease progression. Functionally diverse anti-V2 monoclonal antibodies were isolated and their structurally distinct V2 epitope regions characterized. After RV144, a plethora of research studies were performed using different model systems, immunogens, protocols, and challenge viruses. These diverse studies failed to provide a clear picture regarding the contribution of V2 antibodies to vaccine efficacy. Here, we summarize the biological functions and clinical findings associated with V2-specific antibodies and discuss their impact on HIV vaccine research.

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Citations

Oct 23, 2019·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Maria Paola MaurelliLucia Francesca Menna
Oct 2, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Lucia Francesca MennaAlessandro Fioretti
May 1, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Antonio SantanielloLucia Francesca Menna
Sep 6, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Antonio SantanielloLucia Francesca Menna
Jul 10, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Antonio SantanielloLucia Francesca Menna
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Antonio SantanielloLucia Francesca Menna

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