Vaccination against self to prevent autoimmune disease: the type 1 diabetes model

Immunology and Cell Biology
Leonard C Harrison

Abstract

Immune tolerance to self-antigens is physiological. Given a repertoire of self-reactive, potentially pathogenic lymphocytes, therapeutic options to diminish autoimmune disease risk include deletion, reduced activation or increased regulation of self-reactive lymphocytes by means that mimic or promote physiological mechanisms of immunity. Vaccination with self-antigen to promote self-antigen-specific tolerance, 'negative vaccination', may represent the most specific and potentially safest means of averting autoimmune disease. This strategy is therapeutically effective in inbred rodent models but its translation in humans has failed to meet expectations. This failure can be attributed to the use of suboptimal dosage regimens in end-stage disease, as well as other factors. This review focuses on vaccination against self-antigen in type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease unique in that individuals at risk can be identified years before clinical presentation. Moreover, the spontaneously diabetic non-obese diabetic mouse, which mimics human type 1 diabetes in many ways, has provided 'proof-of-concept' for negative vaccination. Recent trials of a nasal insulin vaccine in humans at risk of type 1 diabetes provide evidence of tolerance i...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2013·Current Diabetes Reports·Leonard C HarrisonGrant Morahan
May 21, 2013·Nature Immunology·Esther Bandala-SanchezLeonard C Harrison
Jan 1, 2012·The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS·Paola Zaccone, Samuel W Hall
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Oct 30, 2013·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Anna K E RydénMatthias G Von Herrath
Jan 8, 2013·International Journal for Parasitology·Paola Zaccone, Anne Cooke
Sep 2, 2009·Diabetes·Jide Tian, Daniel L Kaufman
Jun 27, 2012·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity·Yuxia ZhangLeonard C Harrison
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Nov 11, 2020·Current Diabetes Reports·Jeniffer D Loaiza NaranjoEmma E Hamilton-Williams
Jan 5, 2021·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Michael GhoshThomas O Joos

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