PMID: 11620154Oct 20, 2001Paper

Vaccination policy against smallpox, 1835-1914: a comparison of England with Prussia and Imperial Germany

Social History of Medicine : the Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine
E P Hennock

Abstract

There are three identifiable phases in comparing vaccination policy in England, Prussia and Imperial Germany. (1) Prior to the 1870's the tradition of medical police in Prussia resulted in the vaccination of the population being treated as a State responsibility earlier than in England and provided an appropriate administrative framework. The administrative pressure that could be exerted persuaded the Prussian authorities that legislation to make vaccination compulsory was unnecessary. In contrast, England and Wales lacked both the tradition and administrative structures of a medical police. Legislation (1840, 1853) for free and universal infant vaccination was followed by radical ideological and administrative innovation. (2) From 1875 to 1889 both countries provided free and compulsory vaccination for all. In England this was limited to infants; in Germany including Prussia, it included the re-vaccination of children. (3) After 1889 England and Germany began to diverge more sharply. In England vaccination rates fell and after 1898 conscientious objectors were excused from having to have their children vaccinated. Germany retained compulsory vaccination and rates in the two countries increasingly diverged. England came to rely...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 4, 2008·Science in Context·Christoph Gradmann
Jul 14, 2009·PLoS Computational Biology·Flávio Codeço Coelho, Claudia T Codeço
Oct 10, 2014·BMC Research Notes·Olubukola T IdokoMartin O C Ota
Apr 7, 2005·Nature Medicine·Paul RitvoUNKNOWN CANVAC Sociobehavioural Study Group

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