Vaccine-Induced Th1-Type Response Protects against Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection in the Absence of Opsonizing Antibodies.

MBio
Tania Rivera-HernandezMark J Walker

Abstract

Recent global advocacy efforts have highlighted the importance of development of a vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Combo5 is a non-M protein-based vaccine that provides protection against GAS skin infection in mice and reduces the severity of pharyngitis in nonhuman primates. However, Combo5 with the addition of aluminum hydroxide (alum) as an adjuvant failed to protect against invasive GAS infection of mice. Here, we show that formulation of Combo5 with adjuvants containing saponin QS21 significantly improves protective efficacy, even though all 7 adjuvants tested generated high antigen-specific IgG antibody titers, including alum. Detailed characterization of Combo5 formulated with SMQ adjuvant, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing a TLR4 agonist and QS21, showed significant differences from the results obtained with alum in IgG subclasses generated following immunization, with an absence of GAS opsonizing antibodies. SMQ, but not alum, generated strong interleukin-6 (IL-6), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) responses. This work highlights the importance of adjuvant selection for non-M protein-based GAS vaccines to optimize immune responses and protective efficacy.IMPORTANCE Availabili...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 18, 2020·Autoimmunity Reviews·Leanne M DooleyMichael Kotiw
Feb 3, 2021·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Armira AzuarMariusz Skwarczynski
Feb 25, 2021·Scientific Reports·Jacelyn M S LohThomas Proft
May 8, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·Sowmya Ajay Castro, Helge C Dorfmueller
Sep 9, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Neil C DalvieJ Christopher Love

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA

Software Mentioned

FlowJo
GraphPad Prism
LEGENDplex Data Analysis

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