Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a brief review

Current Medical Research and Opinion
Chandani LewisRoman Dale

Abstract

This brief review presents a comprehensive evaluation of valproate-induced encephalopathy (VHE) and also discusses potential mechanisms of the condition. Sodium valproate (VPA) is an effective antiepileptic drug used in neurology as well as in psychiatry, in adults and children. VHE requires early diagnosis and management. Focused research efforts in understanding the condition will help decrease its incidence. Delay in recognition of VHE can result in the development of potentially life-threatening complications. Management options are described. Since VPA frequently causes a modest rise in plasma ammonia levels which is asymptomatic, it is important to recognize the symptoms of VHE promptly and to correlate them with the plasma ammonia levels. Although there are several case reports on VHE, this review is a comprehensive evaluation of its causes and potential mechanisms. Rapid diagnosis and management will help in reducing VHE-related morbidity.

References

Sep 1, 1982·Archives of Neurology·J V Murphy, K Marquardt
Jan 1, 1982·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·F X CoudéP Kamoun
May 1, 1997·Pediatric Neurology·B E GidalR S Rust
Jun 14, 2000·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·J Y Raskind, G M El-Chaar
Nov 28, 2002·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Michele Raja, Antonella Azzoni
Feb 27, 2003·Metabolic Brain Disease·Alberto VerrottiFrancesco Chiarelli
Apr 19, 2005·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·C L Bowden, V Singh
Nov 10, 2005·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Philippe E R LheureuxMireille Gris
May 11, 2006·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·Charles L Bowden, Nancy U Karren
Jun 16, 2006·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·N Segura-BrunaJ Roquer
Jul 4, 2007·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Russell B Carr, Kerrie Shrewsbury
Sep 8, 2007·Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM·Jim WadzinskiMax Bayard
Oct 6, 2007·International Clinical Psychopharmacology·Marie-José C C Dealberto
Jan 13, 2009·Pediatrics and Neonatology·Hsiao-Feng ChouYuh-Jyh Jong
Mar 13, 2009·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Philippe E R Lheureux, Philippe Hantson
Dec 20, 2011·American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·Christie M Mock, Kristen H Schwetschenau

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 3, 2014·Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række·Johan Runar Bro SundinHege Ihle-Hansen
May 8, 2015·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Marc GhannoumUNKNOWN EXTRIP Workgroup
Jul 9, 2013·Medicina clínica·Luis Téllez VillajosVíctor Moreira Vicente
Mar 22, 2014·Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association·Erling P Larsen, John R Ostergaard
Jul 21, 2015·Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B·Matthew C Walker, Robin S B Williams
Mar 29, 2014·Renal Failure·Christina MelexopoulouJohn N Boletis
Dec 6, 2014·Revista española de anestesiología y reanimación·G Villalba MartínezR Arroyo Pérez
Sep 2, 2014·Clinical Biochemistry·Ibrahim A Hashim, Jennifer A Cuthbert
Apr 29, 2014·Lancet·Jonathan A EdlowEelco F M Wijdicks
May 11, 2016·BioMedicine·Chung-Chieh HungHsien-Yuan Lane
Jun 4, 2016·CNS Drugs·Florian BruggerFrank M C Besag
Oct 19, 2016·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Xiaopeng GuoZhiqin Xu
Nov 3, 2016·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·Luke P DawsonYitzchak S Hollander
Jul 25, 2013·Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience·Vikas MangewalaMichele Knox
Apr 27, 2019·Neurocritical Care·Valerio FrazziniMarco Onofrj
Mar 2, 2018·The Neurologist·Rodrigo Pérez-EsparzaMariana Espínola-Nadurille
Oct 16, 2015·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Fatma UcarAlpaslan Ozturk
Feb 26, 2016·Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række·Torleiv SvendsenKarl O Nakken
Sep 15, 2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Giovanna De MicheleFilippo M Santorelli
Sep 23, 2020·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Paula T MarquesDanielle M Andrade
May 3, 2019·Current Pain and Headache Reports·Omar ViswanathAlan D Kaye
Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Ilhuicamina Daniel LimónAleidy Patricio-Martínez
Feb 20, 2021·The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG·Moftah AlhagamhmadAbdulhamid ElShiky
Apr 21, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Sandeep PagaliNicholas O'Rourke
Apr 3, 2021·Harvard Review of Psychiatry·Caitlin S YeeRoss J Baldessarini
Sep 1, 2021·Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics·Ling ChenHao Huang
Aug 1, 2020·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Françoise Imbert-BismutDominique Thabut
Nov 1, 2021·The Senior Care Pharmacist·George A DeMaagdAshok Philip

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.