Vanadocytes, cells hold the key to resolving the highly selective accumulation and reduction of vanadium in ascidians

Microscopy Research and Technique
Hitoshi MichibataK Kanamori

Abstract

Since Henze discovered vanadium in the blood (or coelomic) cells of an ascidian in 1911, this unusual phenomenon has attracted the interest of many investigators. The highest concentration of vanadium (350 mM) in the blood cells of Ascidia gemmata, which belongs to the suborder Phlebobranchia, is 10(7) times higher than that in seawater. Of the approximately 10 types of blood cells, a combination of cell fractionation and neutron-activation analysis revealed that the signet ring cells were the true vanadocytes. In the vanadocytes, 97.6% of the vanadium is in the +3 oxidation state (III). The extremely low pH of 1.9 found in vanadocytes suggests that protons, concentrated by an H(+)-ATPase, might be linked to the accumulation of vanadium energetically. The antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, S4D5, prepared to identify vanadocytes, was determined to be 6-PGDH in the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway in vanadocytes is thought to participate in the reduction of vanadium(V) to vanadium(IV). During embryogenesis, a vanadocyte-specific antigen first appears in the body wall at the same time that significant accumulations of vanadium become apparent. Three different vanadium-associated ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 13, 2009·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Daniele FattoriniFrancesco Regoli
Apr 17, 2003·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Tatsuya UekiHitoshi Michibata
Sep 24, 2009·Chemical Reviews·Reagan McRaeChristoph J Fahrni
May 3, 2005·FEBS Letters·Haruhiko ToyoharaShuji Kaneko
Aug 21, 2018·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Shi Yin, Elliot R Bernstein
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Aug 7, 2017·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Cintia Monteiro de BarrosSilvana Allodi
Aug 26, 2021·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Stalin Selvaraj, Uma Maheswari Krishnan

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