Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: Okadaic acid, dinophysis toxins and pectenotoxins

Harmful Algae
Monika Dhanji-RapkovaAndrew D Turner

Abstract

Official control biotoxin testing of bivalve molluscs from Great Britain has been conducted by Cefas for over a decade. Reflecting the changes in legislation, bioassays were gradually replaced by analytical methods, firstly for analysis of Paralytic shellfish toxins, followed by introduction of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LCMS/MS) method for lipophilic toxins (LTs) in 2011. Twelve compounds, representing three main groups of regulated lipophilic toxins, as well as two non-regulated cyclic imines were examined in over 20,500 samples collected between July 2011 and December 2016. The toxins belonging to Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins were the most prevalent and were quantified in 23% of samples, predominantly from Scotland. The temporal pattern of OA group occurrences remained similar each year, peaking in summer months and tailing off during autumn and winter, however their abundance and magnitude varied between years significantly, with concentrations reaching up to 4993 μg OA eq./kg. Three toxin profiles were identified, reflecting the relative contribution of the two main toxins, OA and dinophysis toxin-2 (DTX2). Dinophysis toxin-1 (DTX1) was less common and was never detected in samples with high proport...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 7, 2020·Natural Product Reports·Anthony R CarrollMichèle R Prinsep
Feb 13, 2021·Marine Drugs·Ignacio Leyva-ValenciaFrancisco E Hernández-Sandoval
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Andrew D TurnerBenjamin H Maskrey
Apr 9, 2020·Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis·Ludovic Le HegaratValérie Fessard

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