Variables that influence Ironman triathlon performance - what changed in the last 35 years?

Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
Beat KnechtleChristoph Alexander Rüst

Abstract

This narrative review summarizes findings for Ironman triathlon performance and intends to determine potential predictor variables for Ironman race performance in female and male triathletes. A literature search was performed in PubMed using the terms "Ironman", "triathlon", and "performance". All resulting articles were searched for related citations. Age, previous experience, sex, training, origin, anthropometric and physiological characteristics, pacing, and performance in split disciplines were predictive. Differences exist between the sexes for anthropometric characteristics. The most important predictive variables for a fast Ironman race time were age of 30-35 years (women and men), a fast personal best time in Olympic distance triathlon (women and men), a fast personal best time in marathon (women and men), high volume and high speed in training where high volume was more important than high speed (women and men), low body fat, low skin-fold thicknesses and low circumference of upper arm (only men), and origin from the United States of America (women and men). These findings may help athletes and coaches to plan an Ironman triathlon career. Age and previous experience are important to find the right point in the life of ...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 6, 2016·PeerJ·Beat Knechtle, Pantelis T Nikolaidis
May 13, 2017·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Sheila A TurrisTom Green
Nov 15, 2017·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Carolyn M KienstraThomas M Best
Aug 3, 2019·The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness·Thomas PapavassiliouFotini Dagli Pagotto
Dec 13, 2019·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Kyle A SmithMichael J Ormsbee
Aug 31, 2018·Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research·J Luke PryorDouglas J Casa
Mar 28, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kristian JäckelBeat Knechtle
Feb 1, 2021·Physiology & Behavior·Rafaella SinisgalliMarilia S Andrade
Nov 5, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Antonio Granero-GallegosMaría Carrasco-Poyatos

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