Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Targets

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Antonietta Gerarda GravinaAlessandro Federico

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions involving primarily the gastrointestinal tract. However, they may be also associated with systemic manifestations and comorbidities. The relationship between chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction has been extensively demonstrated. Mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology are modified in inflammatory bowel diseases, and these modifications are mainly sustained by alterations of endothelial function. The key elements involved in this process are cytokines, inflammatory cells, growth factors, nitric oxide, endothelial adhesion molecules, and coagulation cascade factors. In this review, we discuss available data in literature concerning endothelial dysfunction in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease and we focus our attention on both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic targets.

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Citations

Aug 30, 2018·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Danielle Jacques, Ghassan Bkaily
Oct 13, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Ye-Seul KimYoung-Guen Kwon
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Jul 13, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Adonis SferaZisis Kozlakidis
Aug 12, 2021·Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology·Jasmijn A M SleutjesAnnemarie C de Vries

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