Vascular endothelial growth factor, FLT-1, and FLK-1 analysis in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray

Cancer
Gina G ChungBarbara Ann Burtness

Abstract

Measures of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in pancreatic cancer typically have been qualitative or semiquantitative. The objective of this study was to use a series of algorithms called AQUA that quantitatively assesses protein expression on tissue microarrays (TMAs) to compare in situ expression of VEGF and its primary receptors, VEGF receptor 1 (FLT-1) and VEGF receptor 1 (FLK-1), on a pancreatic cancer TMA. TMAs were constructed by arraying 1.5-mm cores from 76 samples of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1996-2002) that were obtained from the archives of the Yale Department of Pathology. The staining for AQUA was similar to standard immunohistochemistry and involved antigen retrieval and the application of primary antibodies, but with epifluorescence detection. Slides were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole for nuclear visualization and cytokeratin for membrane visualization. The primary antibodies used were VEGF, FLT-1, FLK-1, and cytokeratin. Disease stage was highly prognostic for outcome, as expected. Total amounts of VEGF and its receptors were assessed within the tumor mask and were divided into quartiles. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that VEGF and FLK-1 were not associated clearly...Continue Reading

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