Velocity acceleration as a determinant of flow-mediated dilation

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Lee Stoner, Kevin K McCully

Abstract

Shear stress is the established stimulus for flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In vivo, shear stress is typically estimated using mean blood velocity. However, mean blood velocity may not adequately characterize the shear stimulus. Pulsatile flow results in large shear gradients (velocity acceleration) at the onset of flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of velocity acceleration to FMD. We define FMD as the brachial artery shear rate-diameter slope. Fourteen physically active, young (26 ± 5 years), male subjects were tested. Progressive forearm heating and handgrip exercise elicited steady-state increases in shear rate. FMD was measured prior to and following induced increases in velocity acceleration. Velocity acceleration was increased by inflating a tourniquet around the forearm to 40 mm Hg. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate change in diameter with repeated measures of shear stress nested within each subject. Averaged across conditions, the 40 mm Hg cuff resulted in a 14% increase in velocity acceleration (p = 0.001). FMD was attenuated by 11.0% (p = 0.015) for the acceleration vs. control condition. However, after specifying velocity acceleration as a covariate, FMD was no longer signi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 11, 2014·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Anna KontosDeclan Kennedy
Aug 8, 2015·Biomedical Engineering Online·Kamil Jerzy ChodzyńskiGrégory Coussement
Nov 6, 2018·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Chun-Wei ChangTony Wu
Apr 19, 2013·Ultrasound Quarterly·Lee StonerDanielle M Lambrick
Apr 5, 2013·Journal of Hypertension·Lee StonerManning J Sabatier
Mar 13, 2012·Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU·Lee Stoner, Kevin K McCully
Feb 26, 2019·Journal of Human Hypertension·Lee StonerSimon Fryer
Dec 12, 2012·Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging·Lee StonerJames Faulkner
Sep 29, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Konstantinos PappelisNomdo Jansonius
Jan 30, 2021·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Avinash ChandranLee Stoner
May 21, 2021·Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaihō·Mohammed A ElmetwallyWael Eldomany

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