Venomics and biochemical analysis of the black-tailed horned pitviper, Mixcoatlus melanurus, and characterization of Melanurutoxin, a novel crotoxin homolog.

Journal of Proteomics
Edgar Neri-CastroJuan J Calvete

Abstract

We report a structural and functional venomics characterization of the black-tailed horned pitviper, Mixcoatlus melanurus. The venom phenotype of this small and elusive pitviper endemic to México comprise peptides and proteins of 16 toxin families whose relative abundance mirror those of neurotoxic (type II) venoms described for some species within genera distributed in Central Asia (Gloydius) and the Americas (Sistrurus, Crotalus, Ophryacus, and Bothriechis). A novel β-neurotoxic heterodimeric PLA2, termed Melanurutoxin was characterized. With a relative abundance of 14.8% of the total M. melanurus venom proteome and a median lethal dose of 0.31 μg/g mouse body weight, Melanurutoxin accounted for 37.8% of the lethality of the whole venom (0.82 μg/g). The low percentage (1.1%) of snake venom metalloproteinases (PIII-SVMPs) and the high content of Melanurutoxin and bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPP, 16%) found in the type-II venom proteome of M. melanurus correlate with the severe hypotension and neurotoxicity leading to neuromuscular blockade, flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest observed in ex vivo neuromuscular junction experiments and in vivo experimental murine envenoming. Mexican antivenoms manufactured by Birmex a...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Sep 7, 2020·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Roberto Ponce-LópezAlejandro Alagón

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