Vertical Migration in the Sediment-Dwelling Sulfur Bacteria Thioploca spp. in Overcoming Diffusion Limitations.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
M HuettelH Fossing

Abstract

In order to investigate the environmental requirements of the filamentous sulfur bacteria Thioploca spp., we tested the chemotactic responses of these sedimentary microorganisms to changes in oxygen, nitrate, and sulfide concentrations. A sediment core with a Thioploca mat, retrieved from the oxygen-minimum zone on the Chilean shelf, was incubated in a recirculating flume. The addition of 25 (mu)mol of nitrate per liter to the seawater flow induced the ascent of the Thioploca trichomes (length, up to 70 mm) in their mostly vertically oriented gelatinous sheaths. The upper ends of the filaments penetrated the sediment surface and protruded 1 to 3 mm into the flowing water before they bent downstream. By penetrating the diffusive boundary layer, Thioploca spp. facilitate efficient nitrate uptake in exposed trichome sections that are up to 30 mm long. The cumulative length of exposed filaments per square centimeter of sediment surface was up to 92 cm, with a total exposed trichome surface area of 1 cm(sup2). The positive reaction to nitrate overruled a negative response to oxygen, indicating that nitrate is the principal electron acceptor used by Thioploca spp. in the anoxic environment; 10-fold increases in nitrate fluxes after m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 7, 2001·Annual Review of Microbiology·H N Schulz, B B Jorgensen
Sep 8, 2006·Nature·Nils Risgaard-PetersenGijsbert J van der Zwaan
Jun 24, 2011·The ISME Journal·Jake V BaileyVictoria J Orphan
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Dec 4, 2012·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Roman Stocker, Justin R Seymour
Dec 31, 2015·Royal Society Open Science·Alexander P PetroffAlbert Libchaber
Aug 21, 2015·Biogeosciences : BG·M KędzierskiA Briguglio
May 21, 2003·Environmental Microbiology·Marc MussmannBo Barker Jørgensen
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Dec 9, 2009·Astrobiology·Jake V BaileyFrank A Corsetti
Sep 3, 2010·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Ming-Fei ShaoHerbert Han-Ping Fang
Mar 31, 2011·FEMS Microbiology Ecology·Rita DunkerBo Barker Jørgensen
Nov 5, 2005·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Mikio SayamaPeter Bondo Christensen
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Sep 11, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Andreas Teske
Jun 1, 1996·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·H N SchulzN B Ramsing

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