Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs

Theriogenology
Kelly Y WangAmy M Lehman

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in sound spayed and intact dogs. Fourteen intact and 12 spayed sound dogs had their lower urogenital tract evaluated with conventional vaginourethrography, computed tomography (CT) vaginourethrography and uroendoscopy under general anesthesia. Measurements for each of the three imaging modalities were made. Measurements included vaginal length, vaginal height, vaginal width, vestibule length, vestibule height, vestibule width, cingulum height, cingulum width, cingulum area, urethral length, urethral height, urethral width, angle of urethra to vestibule and angle of vagina to vestibule. Group comparisons were made between sound spayed and intact dogs. In general, most measurements were greater in intact dogs compared to spayed dogs regardless of imaging modality utilized. Group-weight interactions (P<0.01) were found on conventional vaginourethrograms (vaginal height and length and vestibule height, length and width) and CT vaginourethrograms (vaginal length, vestibule height, length and width, cingulum area, urethral width and angle of vagina to vestibule). A three-way interaction (P<0.01) for vaginal length, vaginal height and vestibule height was also identified...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2014·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Stacy BurdickCathy Langston
Oct 4, 2011·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Nina R KievesRobert B Martin
Nov 26, 2015·Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association·Jason CallardDennis J Chew
Jul 25, 2009·Lab Animal·Gregory O VoroninKashmira Shah
Jul 30, 2019·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Emily K SheaChick W Weisse
Nov 14, 2017·Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association·Rory ApplegateBethany Sabatino
Feb 27, 2020·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·Marie LlidoMarilyn Dunn
Nov 25, 2020·BMC Veterinary Research·Ada RotaCarmen Losasso
Sep 14, 2021·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Jean-Sébastien PalermeDarren J Berger

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