Vibrio cholerae hemolysin is required for lethality, developmental delay, and intestinal vacuolation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PloS One
Hediye Nese CinarBarbara McCardell

Abstract

Cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-co-regulated pili (TCP) are the major virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains that contribute to the pathogenesis of disease during devastating cholera pandemics. However, CT and TCP negative V. cholerae strains are still able to cause severe diarrheal disease in humans through mechanisms that are not well understood. To determine the role of other virulence factors in V. cholerae pathogenesis, we used a CT and TCP independent infection model in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and identified the hemolysin A (hlyA) gene as a factor responsible for animal death and developmental delay. We demonstrated a correlation between the severity of infection in the nematode and the level of hemolytic activity in the V. cholerae biotypes. At the cellular level, V. cholerae infection induces formation of vacuoles in the intestinal cells in a hlyA dependent manner, consistent with the previous in vitro observations. Our data strongly suggest that HlyA is a virulence factor in C. elegans infection leading to lethality and developmental delay presumably through intestinal cytopathic changes.

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Citations

Apr 8, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Emrah AltindisJohn J Mekalanos
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Feb 10, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Brandon SitMatthew K Waldor
Jun 29, 2021·Gut Microbes·Jennifer Y ChoAnsel Hsiao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
Assay

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Prism
COPAS

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