Viral immune surveillance: Toward a TH17/TH9 gate to the central nervous system

Bioinformation
Andre BarkhordarianFrancesco Chiappelli

Abstract

Viral cellular immune surveillance is a dynamic and fluid system that is driven by finely regulated cellular processes including cytokines and other factors locally in the microenvironment and systemically throughout the body. It is questionable as to what extent the central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged organ protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence suggests converging pathways through which viral infection, and its associated immune surveillance processes, may alter the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and lead to inflammation, swelling of the brain parenchyma and associated neurological syndromes. Here, we expand upon the recent "gateway theory", by which viral infection and other immune activation states may disrupt the specialized tight junctions of the BBB endothelium making it permeable to immune cells and factors. The model we outline here builds upon the proposition that this process may actually be initiated by cytokines of the IL-17 family, and recognizing the intimate balance between TH17 and TH9 cytokine profiles systemically. We argue that immune surveillance events, in response to viruses such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), cause a TH17/TH9 induced gateway throug...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 9, 2015·Drug Safety : an International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience·Nikolai Petrovsky
May 6, 2016·Journal of Virology·Benjamin A SatterfieldChad E Mire
Oct 13, 2018·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·John V ForresterSamantha J Dando
Jul 29, 2019·Neuroimmunomodulation·Rituraj NiranjanPurushothaman Jambulingam

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation
flow cytometry

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