Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori

International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM
W G DundonC Montecucco

Abstract

To date a number of virulence factors have been identified and characterised from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. The vacuolating toxin (VacA) is a major determinant of H. pylori-associated gastric disease. In non-polarised cells, VacA alters the endocytic pathway, resulting in the release of acid hydrolases and the reduction of both extracellular ligand degradation and antigen processing. The toxin forms trans-membrane anion-specific channels and reduces the transepithelial electrical resistance of polarized monolayers. Localization of the VacA channels in acidic intracellular compartments causes osmotic swelling which, together with membrane fusion, leads to vacuole formation. The neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori (HP-NAP) induces the production of oxygen radicals in human neutrophils via a cascade of intracellular activation events which may contribute to the damage of the stomach mucosa. This protein has recently been shown to be an important antigen in the human immune response to H. pylori infection. In addition, mice vaccinated with recombinant HP-NAP were protected against H. pylori challenge. H. pylori strains that are associated with severe tissue damage and inflammation possess the cag pathogenicit...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2004·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Herbert Schmidt, Michael Hensel
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Jul 13, 2018·BMC Infectious Diseases·Xingzhe Yang

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