Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Carrie R O'ConaillSally Longstaffe

Abstract

Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) falls under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Diagnosis of ARND is difficult because individuals do not demonstrate the characteristic facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). While attentional problems in ARND are similar to those found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the underlying impairment in attention pathways may be different. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted at 3 T. Sixty-three children aged 10 to 14 years diagnosed with ARND, ADHD, and typically developing (TD) controls performed a single-feature and a feature-conjunction visual search task. Dorsal and ventral attention pathways were activated during both attention tasks in all groups. Significantly greater activation was observed in ARND subjects during a single-feature search as compared to TD and ADHD groups, suggesting ARND subjects require greater neural recruitment to perform this simple task. ARND subjects appear unable to effectively use the very efficient automatic perceptual 'pop-out' mechanism employed by TD and ADHD groups during presentation of the disjunction array. By comparison, ac...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 4, 2017·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Yuta AokiFrancisco Xavier Castellanos
Nov 7, 2018·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Hayo TerbandBen Maassen
Jan 25, 2019·Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·Susan A McLaughlinAdrian K C Lee
Jul 27, 2017·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Albert E Chudley

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Software Mentioned

TBSS
FMRIB
SPM
Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS
DTIFIT

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