PMID: 8609382Apr 15, 1996Paper

Vitamin A down-regulation of IFN-gamma synthesis in cloned mouse Th1 lymphocytes depends on the CD28 costimulatory pathway

The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists
M T CantornaC E Hayes

Abstract

Some infections deplete serum retinol, low retinol reduces immunity, and reduced immunity establishes susceptibility to further infection in a cyclical relationship that is poorly understood. We showed that when retinol was low, there was excessive Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis and inadequate Th2 cell IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis. The retinol metabolite retinoic acid inhibited the IFN-gamma stimulatory activity of APCs, enhanced Th2 cell differentiation, and inhibited Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis. Here we focus on the mechanism for retinoic acid inhibition of IFN-gamma synthesis in myelin basic protein-specific MM4 Th1 cells. Physiologic amounts of all-trans-retinoic acid directly and specifically down-regulated the MM4 Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion rate in vitro without affecting cell growth, viability, or overall protein synthesis. All-trans-, 9-cis-, and 13-cis-retinoic acid, and the synthetic retinoid Ch55, inhibited IFN-gamma synthesis effectively, whereas retinaldehyde, retinol, and retinyl acetate did not. This pattern suggests retinoic acid receptor involvement in the inhibition mechanism. Retinoic acid did not inhibit when Th1 cells were activated only through the TCR/CD3 complex, with or without IL-2 costimulation. Retinoic ...Continue Reading

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