Vitamin A Status of Women and Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, is Unchanged One Year after Initiation of a National Vitamin A Oil Fortification Program

Nutrients
Reina Engle-StoneKenneth H Brown

Abstract

Vitamin A (VA) fortification of cooking oil is considered a cost-effective strategy for increasing VA status, but few large-scale programs have been evaluated. We conducted representative surveys in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, 2 years before and 1 year after the introduction of a mandatory national program to fortify cooking oil with VA. In each survey, 10 different households were selected within each of the same 30 clusters (n= ~300). Malaria infection and plasma indicators of inflammation and VA (retinol-binding protein, pRBP) status were assessed among women aged 15-49 years and children aged 12-59 months, and casual breast milk samples were collected for VA and fat measurements. Refined oil intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire, and VA was measured in household oil samples post-fortification. Pre-fortification, low inflammation-adjusted pRBP was common among children (33% <0.83 µmol/L), but not women (2% <0.78 µmol/L). Refined cooking oil was consumed by >80% of participants in the past week. Post-fortification, only 44% of oil samples were fortified, but fortified samples contained VA concentrations close to the target values. Controlling for age, inflammation, and other covariates, there was no differen...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1988·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition· MuhilalD Karyadi
Aug 18, 2005·PLoS Medicine·Arjen M DondorpNicholas P J Day
Mar 16, 2012·International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition·Fabian RohnerChristine Northrop-Clewes
Feb 15, 2014·World Journal of Clinical Cases·Elena LionettiMario La Rosa
Sep 17, 2015·Global Health, Science and Practice·Corey L LuthringerGreg S Garrett

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Citations

Oct 7, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Maria Nieves Garcia-CasalUNKNOWN consultation working groups
May 11, 2019·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Aditi S HombaliJuan Pablo Peña-Rosas
Jun 7, 2019·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Reina Engle-StoneKenneth H Brown

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
CELISA

Software Mentioned

SAS
Fortification Rapid Assessment Tool ( FRAT )

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