Vitamin D attenuates COVID-19 complications via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antiviral proteins, and autophagy.

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
Sadaf Jamal GilaniImran Kazmi

Abstract

Introduction: Global emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has clearly shown variable severity, mortality, and frequency between and within populations worldwide. These striking differences have made many biological variables attractive for future investigations. One of these variables, vitamin D, has been implicated in COVID-19 with rapidly growing scientific evidence.Areas covered: The review intended to systematically explore the sources, and immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in COVID-19. Search engines and data sources including Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for data collection. The search terms used were Vitamin D, COVID-19, immune system, and antiviral mechanism. Overall, 232 sources of information were collected and 188 were included in this review.Expert opinion: Interaction of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) triggers the cellular events to modulate the immune system by regulation of many genes. Vitamin D operates as a double-edged sword against COVID-19. First, in macrophages, it promotes the production of antimicrobial and antiviral proteins like β-defensin 2 and cathelicidin, and these proteins inhibit the replication of viral particles and promote the clearance o...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1986·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·H F DeLuca
Jul 1, 1981·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·M F Holick
Jun 30, 1993·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Y KameiE Sugimoto
Feb 10, 2000·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·C M VeldmanH F DeLuca
Nov 10, 2000·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·H VainioF Bianchini
Aug 14, 2001·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Y C LiM D Sitrin
May 7, 2002·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Lionel DrocourtMarie-José Vilarem
May 15, 2002·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·Kirsten SauermannJoackim Ennen
Jan 29, 2003·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Ute ZeitzReinhold G Erben
Mar 5, 2003·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Imad Hakim, Zvi Bar-Shavit
May 16, 2003·Nature·William J BoyleDavid L Lacey
Sep 26, 2003·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Isabelle AudoRobert W Nickells
Sep 9, 2004·Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library·Yoshihiko Ohyama, Tomoaki Yamasaki
Nov 17, 2004·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·David E Prosser, Glenville Jones
Apr 28, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Marieke B SnijderPaul Lips
Dec 3, 2005·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Kenneth E S PooleElizabeth A Warburton
Dec 29, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·Cedric F GarlandMichael F Holick
Jan 31, 2006·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Deon Wolpowitz, Barbara A Gilchrest
Mar 28, 2006·Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology·P Lips
Nov 3, 2006·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Euclides AvilaFernando Larrea
Jan 11, 2007·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Luisella Cianferotti, Marie B Demay
Jan 27, 2007·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Tai C ChenMichael F Holick
Feb 10, 2007·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Jürgen SchauberRichard L Gallo
Feb 15, 2007·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Frances L SzetoYan Chun Li
Jul 14, 2007·Current HIV Research·Peter BergmanJohan Söderlund
Jul 20, 2007·The New England Journal of Medicine·Michael F Holick
Jan 22, 2008·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Manuel Sánchez de la TorreJoan Fibla
Feb 14, 2008·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·X PalomerD Mauricio
Feb 16, 2008·International Journal of Epidemiology·Robyn M LucasWayne T Smith
Apr 18, 2008·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Michal L MelamedPaolo Raggi
Aug 12, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Glenville Jones
Nov 4, 2008·Endocrine·Liviu G DanescuJoseph Levy
Nov 5, 2008·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Sif HansdottirGary W Hunninghake
Dec 6, 2008·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·John H LeeMichael F Holick
Jun 16, 2009·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Frances Milat, Kong Wah Ng
Jul 28, 2009·Current Osteoporosis Reports·Daniel D Bikle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autophagy & Disease

Autophagy is an important cellular process for normal physiology and both elevated and decreased levels of autophagy are associated with disease. Here is the latest research.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Autophagy & Model Organisms

Autophagy is a cellular process that allows degradation by the lysosome of cytoplasmic components such as proteins or organelles. Here is the latest research on autophagy & model organisms