Vitamin D Deficiency and Air Pollution Exacerbate COVID-19 Through Suppression of Antiviral Peptide LL37

Frontiers in Public Health
Mardi A Crane-GodreauSteven Fiering

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (VDD) are widely recognized as risk factors for respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D influences expression of many genes with well-established relevance to airway infections and relevant to immune system function. Recently, VDD has been shown to be a risk factor for acquisition and severity of COVID-19. Thus, treating VDD presents a safe and inexpensive opportunity for modulating the severity of the disease. VDD is common in those over 60 years of age, many with co-morbid conditions and in people with skin pigmentation sufficient to reduce synthesis of vitamin D. Exposure to fine particulate air pollution is also associated with worse outcomes from COVID19. Vitamin D stimulates transcription of cathelicidin which is cleaved to generate LL37. LL37 is an innate antimicrobial with demonstrated activity against a wide range of microbes including envelope viruses. LL37 also modulates cytokine signaling at the site of infections. Fine particles in air pollution can interfere with LL37 destruction of viruses and may reduce effective immune signaling modulation by LL37. While vitamin D influences transcription of many immune related genes, the weakened antimicrobial response of those with VDD a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2020·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Andrius Bleizgys
Oct 21, 2020·Alcohol·Kristina L BaileyTodd A Wyatt
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Nutrition·José João NameCarolina Parga Martins Pereira
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Feb 13, 2021·Viruses·Allison BakovicAarthi Narayanan
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Jul 13, 2021·Gene Reports·Falaque Ul AfshanBashir Ahmad Ganai
Aug 2, 2021·Proteins·Kiran Bharat LokhandeManisha Deshpande

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