Vitamin D receptor activator and dietary sodium restriction to reduce residual urinary albumin excretion in chronic kidney disease (ViRTUE study): rationale and study protocol

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
Charlotte A KeyzerHolland Nephrology Study (HONEST) Network

Abstract

Optimal albuminuria reduction is considered essential to halting chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Both vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) treatment and dietary sodium restriction potentiate the efficacy of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) blockade to reduce albuminuria. The ViRTUE study addresses whether a VDRA in combination with dietary sodium restriction provides further albuminuria reduction in non-diabetic CKD patients on top of RAAS blockade. The ViRTUE study is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind (paricalcitol versus placebo), placebo-controlled trial targeting stage 1-3 CKD patients with residual albuminuria of >300 mg/day due to non-diabetic glomerular disease, despite angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. During run-in, all subjects switched to standardized RAAS blockade (ramipril 10 mg/day) and blood pressure titrated to <140/90 mmHg according to a standardized protocol. Eligible patients are subsequently enrolled and undergo four consecutive study periods in random order of 8 weeks each: (i) paricalcitol (2 µg/day) combined with a liberal sodium diet (∼200 mmol Na(+)/day, i.e. mean sodium intake in the general popu...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Apr 5, 2016·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Martin H de Borst, Gerjan Navis
Aug 28, 2015·Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·Katarina MirkovicUNKNOWN NIGRAM consortium
Nov 20, 2016·Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·Charlotte A KeyzerUNKNOWN Holland Nephrology Study (HONEST) Network
Jun 25, 2021·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Emma J McMahonJaimon T Kelly

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