PMID: 22335014Feb 18, 2012Paper

Vitamin K, bone metabolism and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Przegla̧d lekarski
Agnieszka Zak-GołabJerzy Chudek

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, and premature death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) especially dialysis ones. Besides the typical cardiovascular risk factors there is a considerable vascular calcification of intima media in these patients. Vitamin K - dependent proteins play an essential role in the pathogenesis of mineral and bone disorders related to CKD, including vascular calcification. Vitamin K is a family of vitamins, varying in the number of isoprenoid groups (saturated or unsaturated) connected into 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone ring in C3 position. Vitamin K-dependent proteins require carboxylation (VKDPs) for biological activation. The coagulant factors are the most well-known VKDPs, but the role of the other proteins, like Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), Growth Arrest Specific Gene 6 (Gas-6) and osteocalcin has been recently discovered. MGP prevents vascular calcification and Gas-6 affects vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and movement. Carboxylation of osteocalcin promotes bone formation. Additionally vitamin K increases proliferation of osteoblasts and apoptosis of osteoclasts, influencing on bone remodeling. There is few studies indicating for decr...Continue Reading

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