Vitamin paradox in obesity: Deficiency or excess?

World Journal of Diabetes
Shi-Sheng ZhouYi-Ming Zhou

Abstract

Since synthetic vitamins were used to fortify food and as supplements in the late 1930s, vitamin intake has significantly increased. This has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of obesity, a condition associated with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer. Paradoxically, obesity is often associated with low levels of fasting serum vitamins, such as folate and vitamin D. Recent studies on folic acid fortification have revealed another paradoxical phenomenon: obesity exhibits low fasting serum but high erythrocyte folate concentrations, with high levels of serum folate oxidation products. High erythrocyte folate status is known to reflect long-term excess folic acid intake, while increased folate oxidation products suggest an increased folate degradation because obesity shows an increased activity of cytochrome P450 2E1, a monooxygenase enzyme that can use folic acid as a substrate. There is also evidence that obesity increases niacin degradation, manifested by increased activity/expression of niacin-degrading enzymes and high levels of niacin metabolites. Moreover, obesity most commonly occurs in those with a low excretory reserve capacity (e.g., due to low birth weight/preterm birth) and/or a...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 26, 2016·Hypertension in Pregnancy : Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy·Shi-Sheng ZhouNa-Na Chen
Oct 18, 2016·Nutrition·Geir Bjørklund, Salvatore Chirumbolo
Jun 8, 2017·Nutrition Research Reviews·Silvia MaffoniHellas Cena
Jun 6, 2017·International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR·Lisa J Hill, Adrian C Williams
Oct 17, 2017·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Daniela Salinas-RubioLilia G Noriega
Sep 3, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Ghada Rashad IbrahimSyed Salman Ashraf
May 8, 2020·BMC Nutrition·Jenny McKaySebely Pal
Jan 31, 2021·Food Chemistry·Yunbing Tan, David Julian McClements
Aug 28, 2019·Clinical Nutrition ESPEN·Maria Léa Corrêa Leite

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