von Willebrand Factor, Free Hemoglobin and Thrombosis in ECMO

Frontiers in Medicine
Christian ValladolidMiguel A Cruz

Abstract

Though extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides life-saving support, this intervention exposes patients to certain risks. Circulating free hemoglobin (fHb) resulting from mechanically induced hemolysis and insufficient haptoglobin/hemopexin may promote thrombosis within the ECMO circuit. Thrombi in the circuit can result in thromboembolic complications in these patients. Prevention of thrombus formation and propagation in the ECMO circuit may improve clinical outcome. fHb released during hemolysis has been shown to have multiple adverse effects, including thrombosis, but the mechanism by which fHb contributes to thrombosis in an ECMO circuit remains elusive. It is well established that (1) high shear stress generated in the circuit may cause hemolysis, and (2) plasma fibrinogen is adsorbed onto the inner tubing of the ECMO circuit over time. Plasma von Willebrand factor (pVWF) mediates platelet deposition at sites of vascular injury under high shear stress by sensing alterations in the hemodynamic environment. This biophysical property of pVWF that enables hemostasis may also contribute to the pathogenesis of ECMO-induced thrombosis. pVWF contains binding sites for both adsorbed fibrin(ogen) and fHb. High concentrati...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 15, 2019·Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·Paolo PaisMarcin J Woźniak
May 8, 2020·Nature·Peter DunneThomas M Hermans
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
heart-lung
dissection

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