Waste paper for recycling: Overview and identification of potentially critical substances

Waste Management
Kostyantyn PivnenkoThomas F Astrup

Abstract

Paper product manufacturing involves a variety of chemicals used either directly in paper and pulp production or in the conversion processes (i.e. printing, gluing) that follow. Due to economic and environmental initiatives, paper recycling rates continue to rise. In Europe, recycling has increased by nearly 20% within the last decade or so, reaching a level of almost 72% in 2012. With increasing recycling rates, lower quality paper fractions may be included. This may potentially lead to accumulation or un-intended spreading of chemical substances contained in paper, e.g. by introducing chemicals contained in waste paper into the recycling loop. This study provides an overview of chemicals potentially present in paper and applies a sequential hazard screening procedure based on the intrinsic hazard, physical-chemical and biodegradability characteristics of the substances. Based on the results, 51 substances were identified as potentially critical (selected mineral oils, phthalates, phenols, parabens, as well as other groups of chemicals) in relation to paper recycling. It is recommended that these substances receive more attention in waste paper.

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Citations

Sep 7, 2016·Waste Management·Kostyantyn Pivnenko, Thomas Fruergaard Astrup
Nov 4, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Kostyantyn PivnenkoThomas F Astrup
Jan 24, 2018·Advanced Materials·Mohammed Iqbal KhaziJong-Man Kim
Aug 15, 2018·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Maurus BiedermannKoni Grob
Sep 13, 2018·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Damien J BoliniusEmma Undeman
Jan 26, 2021·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Katherine S CarlosTimothy H Begley
Jun 3, 2021·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·S Shehna MahimC Aruna Devi
Jun 22, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Zijie MaJianbang Gan
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Sep 16, 2021·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Koni Grob
Mar 26, 2020··Safaa A. S. AlmtoriUsama J. Naeem

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