Wastewater-based epidemiology and enantiomeric profiling for drugs of abuse in South African wastewaters

The Science of the Total Environment
E ArcherG M Wolfaardt

Abstract

The current study is aimed to introduce a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach for the first time on the African continent where substance abuse data is limited. The study included the quantification of several drugs of abuse (DOA) in raw wastewater samples. Quantification of urinary metabolites as drug target residues (DTR), as well as enantiomeric profiling of chiral DOA was performed to distinguish between consumption and direct disposal into sewage. Monitoring campaigns were undertaken at two South African wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) located within two provinces of the country. The presence of non-racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine, as well as the metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BEG), confirmed their consumption within the areas investigated. Enantiomeric profiling further pointed to the abuse of methamphetamine as the primary DOA with use estimates calculated between 181.9 and 1184.8mg·day-1·1000inhabitants-1. Population-normalised mass loads for MDMA and cocaine confirmed their status as secondary DOA within the study sites. Use estimates for the new psychoactive substance (NPS) mephedrone were performed for one WWTW. The minor metabolite of heroin, O-6-monoacetylmo...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 21, 2019·Drug Testing and Analysis·Iria González-MariñoJosé Benito Quintana
Jul 1, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shabnam ZareiAnvar Asadi
Feb 7, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Peng DuPhong K Thai
Jun 17, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Xiaohan ZhangPhong K Thai
Jul 16, 2019·Forensic Sciences Research·Nicole CentazzoMarta Concheiro-Guisan
Nov 24, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Nebile Dagliogluİsmail Ethem Gören
Jan 5, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Si-Yu LiuDe-Gao Wang
Jan 2, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Nicole S Jones, Jeffrey H Comparin
May 18, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Richard BadeCobus Gerber
Apr 10, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Richard BadeCobus Gerber
Jun 22, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Ivan LangaCláudia Ribeiro
Jul 12, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Peng DuPhong K Thai
Jul 25, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Junhui WuTiangang Luan
Aug 18, 2021·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Timothy B EricksonPeter R Chai

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