PMID: 15332597Aug 31, 2004Paper

Water as foaming agent for open cell polyurethane structures

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
H HaugenE Wintermantel

Abstract

The problem of moisture in polymer processing is known to any polymer engineer, as air bubbles may be formed. Hence granulates are generally dried prior to manufacturing. This study tried to develop a novel processing methods for scaffolds with controlled moisture content in thermoplastic polyurethane. The common foaming agents for polyurethane are organic solvents, whose residues remaining in the scaffold may be harmful to adherent cells, protein growth factors or nearby tissues. Water was used as a foaming agent and NaCl was used as porogens to achieve an open-cell structure. The polyether-polyurethane samples were processed in a heated press, and achieved a porosity of 64%. The pore size ranged between 50 and 500 microm. Human fibroblasts adhered and proliferate in the scaffold. A non-toxic production process was developed to manufacture a porous structure with a thermoplastic polyether-polyurethane. The process enables a mass-production of samples with adjustable pore size and porosity. In contrast to an existing method (solvent casting), the processing of the samples was not limited by its thickness. The process parameters, which attribute mostly to the pore building, were filling volume, temperature, NaCl-concentration an...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 20, 2008·Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine·Timothy Douglas, Håvard J Haugen
Jun 7, 2014·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering·Piyush BajajRashid Bashir
Jan 13, 2015·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·H Janik, M Marzec
Jul 20, 2006·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials·H J HaugenE Wintermantel
Mar 10, 2005·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials·H HaugenE Wintermantel
Feb 7, 2007·Expert Review of Medical Devices·Thomas WeigelAndreas Lendlein
Oct 15, 2011·Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry·Richard T TranJian Yang
Aug 14, 2019·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Esra TürkerAhu Arslan Yildiz
Jul 10, 2017·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Greeshma RatheeshSeeram Ramakrishna

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