PMID: 8811848Sep 1, 1996Paper

Water contact observations in Kenyan communities endemic for schistosomiasis: methodology and patterns of behaviour

Parasitology
A J FulfordAnthony E Butterworth

Abstract

A descriptive analysis of observed water contact activities in seven Kenyan (Akamba) communities is presented. The patterns of contact with time of day, month of year, type of activity, degree of immersion, use of soap, use of 'kithima' and day of week are all considered, with particular attention given to how these vary with age and sex. It is noted that (a) patterns of contact vary dramatically between these culturally rather similar communities, (b) contact usually peaks in the second decade of life, (c) generally females, especially young women, spend more time at the water than males and (d) simple (unweighted) total observed duration of contact gives a relatively inflated estimate of exposure in adults, especially young women. The methodology of observation and data handling is described in some detail.

References

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Citations

Mar 7, 2013·Acta Tropica·Cheng WanHai-Wei Wu
Dec 20, 2005·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·David W DunneNarcis B Kabatereine
Oct 17, 2006·Parasitology Today·A J FulfordD W Dunne
Oct 17, 2006·Parasitology Today·M E Woolhouse
Oct 17, 2006·Parasitology Today·P HaganD W Dunne
Mar 22, 2000·Parasitology Today·A G RossD P McManus
Sep 8, 2010·Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology·U S UgbomoikoJ Heukelbach
Jun 25, 2013·Archives of Disease in Childhood·Meagan A BarryPeter J Hotez
Jun 3, 2008·Vaccine·Jeffrey M BethonyAlex Loukas
Apr 28, 2009·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Simon MuhumuzaFred Nuwaha
Oct 25, 2007·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Edmund Y W SetoBo Zhong
Jun 7, 2007·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Angela Pinot de MoiraMark Booth
Jan 5, 2011·Immunological Reviews·Jeffrey M BethonyPeter J Hotez
Mar 1, 2012·International Journal for Parasitology·Lynn MeursKatja Polman
Apr 14, 2010·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Helena A NgowiArve L Willingham
Sep 12, 2014·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Evaristus Chibunna MbanefoKenji Hirayama
May 5, 1998·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·E M CoutinhoA D Coutinho
Mar 17, 2001·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·J BethonyA Gazzinelli
Mar 17, 2001·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·A GazzinelliH Kloos
Mar 18, 2005·Parasite Immunology·Mark Booth, David W Dunne
Mar 5, 2004·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Jeffrey BethonyHelmut Kloos
Dec 18, 2020·Journal of Water and Health·O G Oso, A B Odaibo
Oct 12, 2021·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Bianca FalconeJennifer F Friedman

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