PMID: 2110810Feb 1, 1990Paper

Water-electrolyte and acid-base disorders. V. Acid-base balance

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México
L Velásquez-Jones

Abstract

Disturbances of acid-base homeostasis are frequently associated with many commonly observed disease states. Recognition of abnormal plasma acid-base composition may often direct the clinician to the diagnosis of a specific disease. Simply stated, external hydrogen ion balance exits when the net hydrogen ion production from cellular metabolism equals the net hydrogen ion excretion from the body. Net cellular production of hydrogen ions consist of two components: carbonic acid, which is excreted by the lungs as CO2, and fixed acids, which require renal excretion. The net amount of fixed acid production is determined by cellular metabolism, dietary intake and gut absorption of available base equivalents. The immediate defense of pH is provided by the buffering systems, which also act as transporters of the acid from sites of production to sites of elimination. CO2 exchange by the lungs is responsible for the bulk of acid excretion: more than 99.5 percent of the normal daily acid load and 100 percent of CO2 produced by metabolism are eliminated by this route. On the other hand, the kidney is the only organ capable of excreting an appreciable quantity of fixed acid as titratable acids an ammonium, with the regeneration of bicarbonat...Continue Reading

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.