Water Intake by Outdoor Temperature Among Children Aged 1-10 Years: Implications for Community Water Fluoridation in the U.S

Public Health Reports
Eugenio D Beltrán-AguilarLiang Wei

Abstract

The U.S. water fluoridation recommendations, which have been in place since 1962, were based in part on findings from the 1950s that children's water intake increased with outdoor temperature. We examined whether or not water intake is associated with outdoor temperature. Using linked data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we examined reported 24-hour total and plain water intake in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per day of children aged 1-10 years by maximum outdoor temperature on the day of reported water intake, unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. We applied linear regression methods that were used in previously reported analyses of data from NHANES 1988-1994 and from the 1950s. We found that total water intake was not associated with temperature. Plain water intake was weakly associated with temperature in unadjusted (coefficient 5 0.2, p=0.015) and adjusted (coefficient 5 0.2, p=0.013) linear regression models. However, these models explained little of the individual variation in plain water intake (unadjusted: R(2)=0.005; adjusted: R(2)=0.023). Optimal fluoride concentration in...Continue Reading

References

Jul 28, 2001·Journal of Public Health Dentistry·W SohnB A Burt
May 9, 2007·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine·Wendy L HobsonKaren F Buchi
Oct 27, 2007·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Victor L Fulgoni
Jun 7, 2011·Journal of Community Health·Lina Huerta-SaenzMaria Mendoza
Jun 8, 2011·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine·Marc H GorelickDavid C Brousseau
Sep 9, 2015·Public Health Reports·UNKNOWN U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Federal Panel on Community Water Fluoridation

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Citations

Aug 15, 2019·The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity·Carmen B FranseHein Raat
May 12, 2020·Journal of Dental Research·F M KimD Couper
Sep 9, 2015·Public Health Reports·UNKNOWN U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Federal Panel on Community Water Fluoridation
Feb 21, 2018·Advances in Dental Research·A J SpencerM A Peres
Apr 30, 2021·International Journal of Circumpolar Health·Courtney HillDonald L Chi
Sep 10, 2021·The British Journal of Nutrition·Jean-Pierre ChouraquiStavros A Kavouras

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