PMID: 3215841Dec 1, 1988Paper

Water temperature and intensity of exercise in maintenance of thermal equilibrium

Journal of Applied Physiology
S SagawaN Konda

Abstract

This study examined the thermal and metabolic responses of six men during exercise in water at critical temperature (Tcw, 31.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C), below Tcw (BTcw, 28.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C), at thermoneutrality (Ttn, 34 degrees C), and above Ttn (ATtn, 36 degrees C). At each water temperature (Tw) male volunteers wearing only swimming trunks completed four 1-h experiments while immersed up to the neck. During one experiment, subjects remained at rest (R), and the other three performed leg exercise (LE) at three different intensities (LE-1, 2 MET; LE-2, 3 MET; LE-3, 4 MET). In water warmer than Tcw, there was no difference in metabolic rate (M) during R. The M for each work load was independent of Tw. Esophageal temperature (Tes) remained unchanged during R in water of ATtn (36 degrees C). However, Tes significantly (P less than 0.05) declined over 1 h during R at Ttn (delta Tes = -0.39 degrees C), Tcw (delta Tes = -0.54 degrees C), and BTcw (delta Tes = -0.61 degrees C). All levels of underwater exercise elevated Tes and M compared with R at all Tw. In water colder than Tcw, the ratio of heat loss from limbs compared with the trunk became greater as LE intensity increased, indicating a preferential increase in heat loss from the ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 1, 1992·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·W D McArdleK B Pandolf
Mar 21, 2003·International Journal of Biometeorology·Jang Kyu ChoiKeizo Shiraki
Oct 4, 2006·Journal of Physiological Anthropology·Hitoshi WakabayashiTakeo Nomura
Sep 22, 2007·Journal of Applied Physiology·John W CastellaniXiaojiang Xu
Mar 21, 2008·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Hitoshi WakabayashiTakeo Nomura
Jan 31, 2016·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Heather BowesMartin J Barwood
May 1, 1997·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·S R TaylorH S Driver
May 1, 1997·Journal of Applied Physiology·D T LeeK B Pandolf
Nov 11, 2006·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·John W CastellaniUNKNOWN American College of Sports Medicine
Jan 16, 2007·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Megan N HawkinsBenjamin D Levine

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