Water usage for natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing in the United States from 2008 to 2014

Journal of Environmental Management
Huan Chen, Kimberly E Carter

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing has promoted the exploitation of shale oil and natural gas in the United States (U.S.). However, the large amounts of water used in hydraulic fracturing may constrain oil and natural gas production in the shale plays. This study surveyed the amounts of freshwater and recycled produced water used to fracture wells from 2008 to 2014 in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Results showed that the annual average water volumes used per well in most of these states ranged between 1000 m(3) and 30,000 m(3). The highest total amount of water was consumed in Texas with 457.42 Mm(3) of water used to fracture 40,521 wells, followed by Pennsylvania with 108.67 Mm(3) of water used to treat 5127 wells. Water usages ranged from 96.85 Mm(3) to 166.10 Mm(3) annually in Texas from 2012 to 2014 with more than 10,000 wells fractured during that time. The percentage of water used for hydraulic fracturing in each state was relatively low compared to water usages for other industries. From 2009 to 2014, 6.55% (median) of the water volume used in hydraulic fracturing contained recycled produced water or recycled hydrau...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 11, 2016·Journal of Environmental Management·Anna Zielińska-JurekTomasz Klimczuk
Dec 12, 2017·Environmental Technology·Giovanni Antonio Lutzu, Nurhan Turgut Dunford
Nov 5, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Maria Fernanda CampaTerry C Hazen
Feb 13, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Bo ShaoYan Lin
Aug 17, 2018·Journal of Health Economics·Elaine L Hill

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